A book which costs 50,000 DM to produce with a potential audience of 1000 purchasers (certain academic texts are like this) - would have to be priced at a a minimum of 100 DM to recoup only the direct costs. If illegally copied (thereby shrinking the potential market as some people will prefer to buy the cheaper illegal copies) - its price would have to go up prohibitively to recoup costs, thus driving out potential buyers. The story is different if a book costs 10,000 DM to produce and is priced at 20 DM a copy with a potential readership of 1,000,000 readers. Piracy (illegal copying) should in this case be more readily tolerated as a marginal phenomenon.

But this defies logic: the market today is global, the costs of production are lower (with the exception of the music and film industries), the marketing channels more numerous (half of the income of movie studios emanates from video cassette sales), the speedy recouping of the investment virtually guaranteed. Moreover, piracy thrives in very poor markets in which the population would anyhow not have paid the legal price. The illegal product is inferior to the legal copy (it comes with no literature, warranties or support). So why should the big manufacturers, publishing houses, record companies, software companies and fashion houses worry?

The answer lurks in history. Intellectual property is a relatively new notion. In the near past, no one considered knowledge or the fruits of creativity (art, design) as “patentable”, or as someone’s “property”. The artist was but a mere channel through which divine grace flowed. Texts, discoveries, inventions, works of art and music, designs - all belonged to the community and could be replicated freely. True, the chosen ones, the conduits, were honoured but were rarely financially rewarded. They were commissioned to produce their works of art and were salaried, in most cases. Only with the advent of the Industrial Revolution were the embryonic precursors of intellectual property introduced but they were still limited to industrial designs and processes, mainly as embedded in machinery. The patent was born. The more massive the market, the more sophisticated the sales and marketing techniques, the bigger the financial stakes - the larger loomed the issue of intellectual property. It spread from machinery to designs, processes, books, newspapers, any printed matter, works of art and music, films (which, at their beginning were not considered art), software, software embedded in hardware, processes, business methods, and even unto genetic material.

The author is a lawyer Auckland and he specializes in cosmetic surgery law suits for cosmetic dentists.

Advisory announcements related to medical and health cases such as  cardiac arrest or strokes are broadcasted all over American radio of late.  TV and radio ads notify us what to do if we feel light headedness, fainting, numbness, and the like.  However, very seldom will we hear a commercial detailing common anxiety symptoms, which is particularly inconsiderate considering thousands of people have them and are usually confused by them.

Going through anxiety symptoms is very common in our modern society, since we exposed to high pressure situations on a sporadic basis.  Whether it’s the fear that we’re lost in an unknown country or we’re going to be late for a critical appointment or if the office phone rings suddenly, we all endure angst at some point in our life.  Lots of us on the other hand could face anxiety symptoms for what appears to be no cause at all, and may confuse these with the symptoms of having a seizure or some other medical condition.  Those who suffer from panic attacks frequently confuse these symptoms.

Anxiety symptoms are definitely unique for everyone, and sometimes it’s apparent that you’re simply experiencing anxiety – immediately before speaking in front of others, when they’re about to be married, when you open your front door and see a weird looking stranger standing there; these situations could easily make anyone stressed and nervous!  However for most of us, anxiety symptoms may also include shallow breathing, heart palpitations, nausea, chest pains, irregular breathing, tingling or numbness in the fingers, face, or toes.  Stomach aches, and headaches are not uncommon either.  You can see how this could simply be misdiagnosed as a heart attack or asthma or any number of other conditions.

If you exeprience these anxiety symptoms on a regular basis, and especially if they tend to happen for no reason, you should probably consult with your doctor.  To begin with, you’ll want to exclude the possibility of it being a heart attack or something that dangerous.  Then, he or she can prescribe medications or therapies that can help you cope with the anxiety symptoms while simultaneously working with you to discover why you are stressed and anxious to begin with.  You could have some chemical abnormalities in the brain or could need to try a number of new positive techniques on how to think about stressful situations so that you’ll be able to avoid the onset of a panic attack before it gets too serious.

I managed to treat my anxiety disorder after years of hassle and pulling my family through the agony with me.  The solution I used was completely natural, medication-free and didn’t require ongoing counseling – I’m overjoyed to report that I’ve been free of anxiety for a number of years now, I only wish I had discovered it years earlier.

You can learn more about the program that saved my life at my how to cure anxiety blog.

After being told no for the last 200 years, the House of Representatives have okayed a bill that would allow a House of Representatives position to be created for the residents of the District of Columbia.This is a complete shock to some, who analyze the situation and state that technically the District of Columbia is not a state and has no right to a representative in the house.  

Along with adding a member of the house for the D.C. area, Utah has been given a fourth seat.Now the bill is passed along to the Senate to have a final approval but with the District of Columbia not being a true state, many are expecting the bill to be squashed.  Some may not have realized but 200 years ago it was determined that the District of Columbia would be banned from a seat in the House since it was not a state.  

This is a major milestone in the House of Representatives, which has sat at 435 seats since 1960; it has been over 45 years since additional seats were added to the house.Opponents of the new bill have all been quick to point out that while it's wonderful that the House is looking to grow, the Constitution clearly states that the members of the House are chosen by the people of the states, which since the District of Columbia is not a state, causes a major snafu in the plans of the Democratic majority House.  

The House is slated to keep the 437 seats even after the 2010 census, which is when Utah is slated to be expanding to a 4th district.  While this is the first time this measure has actually passed the House, it is not the first time it has been discussed, nor debated.  Back in 1978, it was mentioned that the District of Columbia should be given a vote in the House of Representatives; however, the amendment was discarded after it was unable to be ratified by a quorum three-fourth majority of the states.  

Many have argued that the District should be allowed a seat in the House, since the residents of the District pay taxes and fight in the wars of this country just like residents of any other state.  The debate and battle rages on, and it will be a rather interesting experience to see if the District is able to win their bid to a permanent seat in the House.

The author is working on web hosting and he has a online store providing a collection of immigration and roofing specialist.

Unrelenting and excessive worrying that is both disruptive and repetitive. We can thus define in very simple terms the specificity of generalized anxiety disorder, a health issue that affects more and more people all over the world. Although encountered in all group ages, generalized anxiety disorder usually appears between twenty and thirty years of age. There are very many teenagers and children affected by this illness as well. A relevant aspect here is that generalized anxiety disorder does not start abruptly in older age, it normally progresses from less serious forms until it reaches maximum intensity. Regular worries don’t represent symptoms of this disorder as they are part of normal daily life.  Seattle HCG Diet & Weight Loss.

People affected by a generalized anxiety disorder usually lead normal lives, but they are full of exaggerated tension and dread all the time even when there is nothing to cause their worrying. Nevertheless, the intensity of the psychological and physiological symptoms could interfere with normal tasks performed at work or with the person’s social, family and emotional life. Drugs are often prescribed for symptom management, but there are many forms of treatment aiming at generalized anxiety disorder. Anti-anxiety medication treats the symptoms but leaves you just as exposed to panic attacks and excessive worrying once the treatment is over.  Seattle Renton Bellevue HCG Diet & Weight Loss.

Psychotherapy should normally help a patient diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, on the one condition that he/she be an active participant to the treatment. Therapy, regardless of its nature, ought to teach people how to eliminate bad thoughts, self-soothe and, thus, no longer keep the constant tension in their bodies and minds. Meditation, breathing techniques, positive thinking, hobbies, yoga, neuro-linguistic programing and so reduce the level of anxiety if practice correctly and steadily. It is also good to know that the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are more intense during certain moments of the day or on some days of the week.  Seattle Renton Bellevue HCG Diet & Weight Loss.

People suffering from generalized anxiety disorder have all the chances of recovery if the right treatment or approach to the ailment is taken. However, there are cases of patients who remain trapped in the vicious circle for years on end, either because of the incorrect choice of therapy or because they cannot put into practice the techniques they learn in therapy sessions. Therefore, personal factors such as self-awareness, perseverance and determination in finding a treatment will normally contribute to the level of mental health.

The average age that people live to in the western world is steadily increasing as medical advances continue at pace. This has led to many people wanting to find solutions to help them to stay looking young for longer periods. A new market has been borne, one of anti ageing products and advice.

We are often shown pictures and images in the media and on our television screens, of famous people who look far younger than they actually are. Most people marvel at them and wonder how they have managed to keep up their youthful appearance, despite their advancing age. They then want to emulate these famous people by finding ways in which they too can delay this ageing process.

Top cosmetic companies are now hiring some of these people to help them to advertise their own anti ageing products. Products such as wrinkle cream are becoming big business and are being marketed in such a way that makes people believe that it will help them to stay looking young for longer. These products are not that cheap however and for how many years are we supposed to keep using these creams for example? The cost could soon mount up causing certain people to stress, this itself could easily lead to even more wrinkles!

Too much exposure to the sun can be a very bad thing and can have the affect of speeding up the ageing process. Sun beds are also known, from what I have read, to be a cause of wrinkles, if over used. Therefore avoid too much sun and sun beds!

A lot of people in the western world work far too hard in my opinion, in a quest to earn more money. They can lose valuable sleep by doing this and the stress of the work is also likely to have a damaging affect on the ageing process. Obtaining plenty of sleep is important for people wanting to delay this ageing process, as is attempting to live as stress-free a life as possible.

I would also advise people to look after their own health. Smoking cigarettes is certainly not going to help people to stay looking young. Taking regular exercise such as swimming or jogging is likely to help however.

The author is a plumber and he has a muscle building program in a club for years and he knows most of the roof contractors in Auckland.